23.1 As stated above, total losses are classifiable as either actual or constructive total losses.1 It has also been observed that classification as a constructive total loss can be made for two reasons: first, to establish whether notice of abandonment should be given; and, secondly, to determine whether the assured is at the date of action entitled to recover for a total loss.2 It is the second method of classifying constructive total losses that is relevant in this chapter.