6.1 Outline of China’s legal environment

6.1.1 Constitutional structure

The Constitution of China was first created on 20 September 1954. On 4 December 1982, it was promulgated for a fourth time and has served as a stable constitution since then with amendments in 1988, 1993, 1999, 2004, and 2018. The current Constitution comprises 143 articles in four chapters, stipulating the basis system,1 the fundamental rights and duties of citizens,2 the structure of the State,3 etc.