A. Introduction

28.001 Port State control (“PSC”) is an important part of the maritime safety toolkit. It complements Flag State Control (“FSC”). Unlike FSC which relies on the supervision of standards (i.e. control) by the country of the ship’s registration (i.e. the flag State), PSC involves supervision by the State in which the port is located irrespective of the ship’s flag. PSC means that shipowners may not circumvent regulations by flagging out to flag States who are not committed to adopting or enforcing rules, but such shipowners will, instead, face scrutiny in every port into which the vessels sails (i.e. port State control). PSC is an increasingly world-wide phenomenon and not just a European Union (“EU”) one. This chapter considers some of the global aspects but concentrates on the EU aspects of PSC.1