Lloyd's Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly
DENYING SUBROGATION IN CO-INSURANCE AND SIMILAR SITUATIONS
CRS
v. Taylor Young
Over the past 20 years or so, courts in this country and other common law jurisdictions have, on a relatively large number of occasions, been required to decide whether the insurers of a building project, exercising subrogation rights in the name of its insured, have been entitled to sue one or more of the parties engaged on the project who was/were responsible for the insured loss.1
Over the same sort of period, a number of other situations have raised similar issues. Of particular importance here have been cases where a landlord’s insurers have sued the tenants and mortgage indemnity insurers have sued the mortgagors, in both instances in the name of the insured.2
The “construction cases” seem generally to have been regarded as cases of co-insurance or composite insurance—that is when more than one person is insured under the same insurance policy—and as such to turn on questions arising out of the nature and construction of the insurance contract. On the other hand, the arguments in the other cases have generally proceeded on the basis of determining the rights of the parties to the underlying contract, not the insurance contract. On this basis, whether or not the real claimant is an insurer exercising subrogation rights should not matter; the issue is as to the rights of one of the parties to the separate contract and it is axiomatic that insurers can have no better rights than their insured.
However, in Co-operative Retail Services Ltd
v. Taylor Young Partnership Ltd,
3
the Court of Appeal in effect denied subrogation on both bases, although at first sight the decision appears to be simply another co-insurance case. The decision is also important with regard to the comments made as to the exact basis for denying subrogation in situations of co-insurance. Fire broke out when the generators for premises being built for Co-operative Retail Services (CRS) were being commissioned. Having indemnified CRS against the costs of reinstating the building and the associated fees under a standard contractors’ all risks insurance covering the works and site materials, their insurers by way
1. In England, see Petrofina Ltd
v. Magnaload Ltd
[1984] 1 Q.B. 127; Stone Vickers Ltd
v. Appledore Ferguson Shipbuilders Ltd
[1991] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 288; [1992] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 578; National Oilwell (UK) Ltd
v. Davy Offshore Ltd
[1993] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 583; Hopewell Project Management Ltd
v. Ewbank Preece Ltd
[1998] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 448; and now Co-operative Retail Services Ltd
v. Taylor Young Partnership Ltd
[2001] Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 122, the subject of this note. These authorities have been heavily influenced by the decision of the Canadian Supreme Court in Commonwealth Construction Co. Ltd
v. Imperial Oil Ltd
(1977) 69 D.L.R. (3d) 558. All these cases have also been influential in Australia: see Co-operative Bulk Handling Ltd
v. Jennings Industries Ltd
(1997) 9 A.N.Z. Ins. Cas. 61–355 and Woodside Petroleum Developments Pty Ltd
v. H & R—E & W Pty Ltd
(1998) 10 A.N.Z. Ins. Cas. 61–395. On appeal in the last case (1999) 10 A.N.Z. Ins. Cas. 61–430, the Western Australian Court of Appeal proceeded on other grounds mentioned below. Useful discussion of the earlier cases is found in R.Derham, Subrogation in Insurance Law
(Law Book Co., 1985), Chap. 7 and Brownie, J., “Co-insurance and subrogation” (1991) 3 Ins.L.J. 48. See also, incorporating discussion of many of the later cases, J.Birds, “Insurable Interests”, Chap. 4 of N.Palmer & E.McKendrick (eds), Interests in Goods,
2nd edn (LLP Ltd, 1998); C. Mitchell, “Subrogation, co-insurance and benefit of insurance clauses” (1998) 6 Int.I.L.R. 263; P.Mead, “Of Subrogation, circuity and co-insurance: recent developments in contract works and contractors’ all risk policies” (1998) 9 Ins.L.J. 125; S.Warne, “In search of the rationale for the co-insured subcontractor’s immunity from subrogated actions in contractors’ all risks policies” (1999) 10 Ins.L.J. 262.
2. Especially Mark Rowlands Ltd
v. Berni Inns Ltd
[1986] Q.B. 211, noted J.Birds (1986) 6 OJLS 304, distinguished in Lambert
v. Keymood Ltd
[1999] Lloyd’s Rep. 80, and Woolwich Building Soc.
v. Brown
[1996] C.L.C. 625.
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