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Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments

Page 923

Index

Index

  • Abuse of process
  • Accessory jurisdiction and Lugano Convention
    • exclusive jurisdiction (regardless of domicile) 7.12
    • special jurisdiction 14.27
  • Actio pauliana 14.07, 14.28
    • special jurisdiction under Lugano Convention 14.07, 14.28
  • Actions in rem
    • Admiralty 13.02, 18.08
    • immovable property: exclusive jurisdiction (regardless of domicile) 7.12
    • recognition of foreign judgments in rem 34.20
  • Administration of estates
    • service out of jurisdiction 24.24
  • Administration of Justice Act 1920
    • foreign judgments registered under 32.01–32.02, 35.01–35.06
    • and see Foreign judgments registered under 1920 Act
  • Admiralty action in rem
  • Admiralty gateway to service out of the jurisdiction 24.30
  • Agreements on jurisdiction under Lugano Convention 12.01–12.26, 23.04, 23.06, 25.05, 25.13
    • anti-suit injunctions 28.03
    • asymmetrical 12.16
    • consumer contracts, restricted effect 10.14, 20.07
    • for courts of two Lugano States 12.14
    • for courts of United Kingdom 12.18
    • derived from other contractual terms 12.23
    • disputing formal validity of 12.19
    • disputing substantive validity of 12.20
    • domicile requirements 12.10
    • e-mail recording of agreement 12.06
    • employment contracts, restricted effect 11.09, 20.08
    • formal requirements: general 12.05
    • function and effect of 12.02, 12.04
    • incorporated from one document into another 12.09
    • insurance relationships, restricted effect 9.05
    • lis pendens 12.14, 18.02, 18.15
    • managing jurisdictional disputes arising from 12.03
    • non-exclusive jurisdiction 12.15
    • non-geographical designation of court 12.17
    • non-Lugano courts: effect of 2005 Hague Convention 12.24, 19.10, 23.01
    • non-Lugano, non-Hague courts: effect 12.25, 19.07, 19.08, 19.09
    • Regulation 1215/2012 12.01, 12.03, 12.10, 12.20, 18.02, 18.15, 23.04
    • scope of agreement 2.21
    • third parties: subrogation and assignment in national law 12.12
    • third parties: succession and substitution 12.11
    • in trust instruments 12.22
    • UK, courts of the 12.18
    • in writing or evidenced in writing 12.06 see also Hague Convention 2005; Jurisdiction agreements at common law
  • Airlines
  • Allocation of jurisdiction within UK see Internal UK jurisdiction
  • Anti-suit injunctions 5.07, 22.26, 24.09, 24.14, 26.01, 28.01–28.27, 31.10
    • against enforcement of foreign judgment wrongly obtained 28.16
    • against parties standing in shoes of party to jurisdiction agreement 28.15
    • ancillary measures 28.26
    • anti-anti-suit injunctions 28.26
    • Australian approach 28.24
    • Canadian approach 28.24
    • case management as alternative to 28.23
    • cause of action for injunctive relief 28.05
      • legal right not to be sued in foreign country 4.11, 28.05
      • restraint of equitable wrong 28.05
    • clean hands requirement 28.05
    • comity and public interest 28.21
    • delay in application 28.05
    • discretion: comity and public interest 28.21
    • disobedience in face of 28.27
    • enforcing legal right not to be sued in foreign court
    • foreign judgment not wrongly obtained, to restrain enforcement 28.17
    • foreign judgment wrongly obtained, to restrain enforcement 28.16
    • gateway to service out of the jurisdiction to obtain injunction 24.09, 28.04
    • Hague Convention State, restraining party suing in 28.20
    • interlocutory 28.26, 31.01
    • jurisdiction agreement as basis 4.11, 23.01, 23.12, 28.05, 28.06, 28.07, 28.08, 28.11, 28.14, 28.16, 28.18, 28.20
      • parties standing in shoes of party to 28.15
    • jurisdiction in personam over respondent: general principle 28.02
      • Lugano Convention 28.03
    • Lugano Convention 28.06
    • Lugano State, restraining party suing in 3.14, 4.08, 28.19
    • mutual trust and confidence 3.14, 4.08, 28.19
    • restraint of arbitration 28.18
    • restrain of commission of equitable wrong
      • foreign procedural laws 28.12
      • general 28.09
      • sufficient interest: English proceedings 28.11
      • undermining English judgment 28.13
      • undermining jurisdiction of English court 28.11
      • vexatious or oppressive conduct 28.10, 28.11, 28.12, 28.13
      • ‘single forum’ cases 28.22
    • submission to jurisdiction 28.05
    • timing application for 28.25
  • Anticipated torts
    • special jurisdiction in respect of threatened or 14.41
  • Antitrust law see Competition law
  • Anton Piller or search orders 31.02
  • Appearance
    • appearance to contest jurisdiction 8.03–8.04
    • conferring jurisdiction under Lugano Convention 8.01, 8.02
    • common law principles 21.02
    • Lugano Convention 8.01–8.06
    • submission and appearance 8.02
  • Applicable law 23.01
    • anti-suit injunctions and 28.09
      • injunction to enforce agreement on applicable law 28.06
    • arbitration agreement, of 12.12, 23.07
    • damages for breach of agreement on 29.07
    • foreign judgment departing from agreement on 34.27
    • jurisdiction agreements at common law 23.01, 23.06, 23.07
    • permission to serve out and English law as 24.36
  • Arbitration 5.07, 28.01
  • Arrest Convention
    • Lugano Convention and 6.04
  • Asymmetric jurisdiction agreements 12.16, 25.02, 25.05, 34.26, 36.05, 37.07
  • Australia 22.02, 22.20, 22.27, 23.08
  • Austria 1.04
    • bilateral treaty for enforcement of judgments 2.07, 35.07, 35.11
      • registration of judgments under 1933 Act 35.07
  • Authentic instruments 33.30
  • Canada 22.27, 28.24, 28.25
  • Case management 27.10
    • alternative solution to anti-suit injunctions: active 28.23
    • arbitration 25.08
    • stay of proceedings 22.28
  • Centre of gravity approach 14.37, 14.39
  • Channel Islands 3.03, 5.03, 26.11, 36.02
    • Guernsey, registration of judgments from 35.07
    • Jersey, registration of judgments from 35.07
  • Choice of court agreements
    • agreements on jurisdiction and Lugano Convention see separate entry
    • asymmetric agreements 12.16, 25.02, 25.05, 34.26, 36.05, 37.07
    • Hague Choice of Court Convention 2005 see separate entry
    • interim remedies and 31.12, 31.13
    • jurisdiction agreements at common law see separate entry
    • see also Anti-suit injunctions; Damages for loss caused by wrongful litigation
  • Civil or commercial matters
    • Hague Choice of Court Convention 2005 25.03
    • Lugano Convention see Material scope of Lugano Convention
  • Civil partnerships 5.16
  • Civil Procedure Rules
  • Class actions, judgments or orders in 34.41
  • Clean hands principle 28.05, 34.22
  • Co-defendants: domiciled in different Lugano States
    • abuse of special jurisdiction 15.06
    • ‘anchor’ defendant for special jurisdiction 15.03
    • connection between claims against defendants 15.04–15.05
    • special jurisdiction over 15.02–15.07
  • Collision Convention
    • Lugano Convention and 6.03
  • Comity 19.08, 21.11, 21.13
  • Common law and statutory jurisdiction of English court 21.01–21.13
    • absence of subject-matter jurisdiction 21.05–21.13
    • appearance to confer personal jurisdiction 21.02
    • consequence of service within jurisdiction 21.03
    • defamation claims 21.12
    • foreign penal, revenue or public laws 21.10
    • general 21.02
    • immunity from jurisdiction of court 21.05, 21.11
    • jurisdiction agreements at common law see separate entry
    • non-justiciability of issue 21.11
    • patents, validity of foreign 21.09
    • public international law 21.11
    • service out of jurisdiction with permission 21.04, 23.01, 24.02–24.41
    • service out of jurisdiction without permission 24.01
    • stay of proceedings brought in breach of jurisdiction agreement 23.15–23.17
    • stay of proceedings when court forum non conveniens 22.01–22.28
    • subject matter jurisdiction: meaning of 21.13
    • title to foreign land and jurisdiction
      • equitable exception 21.07
      • Moçambique rule 21.06
      • statutory exception 21.08
  • Companies
    • branch or other establishment, special jurisdiction over 14.44, 14.45
    • directors as employees 11.03
    • domicile of company for Lugano Convention 13.05–13.06

    • Page 927

      exclusive jurisdiction in relation to 7.11–7.15, 13.06
    • foreign judgments and common law rules
      • courts of lex incorporationis 34.20
      • defendant corporation present within jurisdiction 34.06
      • submission by involvement to jurisdiction of foreign court 34.17
    • jurisdiction agreements
    • office-holders 14.05, 14.11, 23.05, 34.17
    • scheme of arrangement
      • jurisdiction to order 7.13, 15.06
      • recognition as judgment under Lugano Convention 33.02
    • service of process on 26.04, 26.05, 26.07
    • single controlling mind and foreign judgments 34.30
    • see also Branch, agency or other establishment
  • Companies with seat in Lugano State: exclusive jurisdiction 7.11–7.15, 13.06
    • corporate validity as principal element 7.12
    • definition of ‘seat’ 7.14
    • irregularity in decision-taking 7.13
    • seat in non-Lugano State 7.28
    • unfair prejudice proceedings 7.13
  • Competition law 5.09
    • agreements on jurisdiction and Lugano Convention 12.21
    • co-defendants, special jurisdiction over 15.04, 15.06
    • matters relating to contract, special jurisdiction 14.11
    • matters relating to tort, special jurisdiction 14.36, 14.39, 14.40
    • US: multiple damages in antitrust cases 28.22, 34.38
  • Conciliation procedures and seisin, Lugano Convention 18.10
  • Confidential information 24.21
  • Constructive trustees, service out on 24.26
  • Consumer contracts 2.04, 10.01–10.17, 20.03
  • Contra proferentem rule of construction 23.08
  • Contract: special jurisdiction under Lugano Convention 14.04–14.23, 14.26
    • autonomous definition of matter relating to a contract 14.05
    • claims involving strangers to contract 14.06
    • contractual and non-contractual claim in same proceedings 14.13
    • disputing existence of contract 14.09
    • obligation in question 14.14–14.17
    • tortious conduct by contracting parties 14.11, 14.30
    • undertakings freely entered into as contractual 14.08
    • unilateral contracts 14.08
    • unjust enrichment connected to contract 14.12

    • Page 928

      voidable contracts and ‘void’ agreements 14.10
  • Contracts
    • consumer see separate entry
    • employment see separate entry
    • gateways to service out of the jurisdiction 24.14–24.16, 24.37, 28.04, 30.02
    • special jurisdiction see separate entry
    • see also Choice of court agreementss
  • Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR)
    • Lugano Convention and 6.03
    • stays of proceedings 22.02
  • Copyright 7.18, 14.36, 14.37, 15.05
  • Counterclaims
    • special jurisdiction over defendants to 15.14–15.16
  • Court-approved settlements, enforcement of 33.30
  • Criminal cases
    • special jurisdiction over civil claims in 14.43
  • Criminal/penal law, foreign, jurisdiction to enforce 21.10
  • Crown
  • Cyprus 2.07, 5.03, 35.06
  • Effectiveness, principle of 3.13, 5.07
  • E-mail
    • agreements on jurisdiction under Lugano Convention 12.06
    • service of process by use of 26.04, 26.05, 26.11
  • Employment contracts 2.04, 11.01–11.11, 14.14, 20.03
    • Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982, jurisdiction under 2.07, 20.06, 20.08, 24.01
    • agreements on jurisdiction 11.09, 20.08, 23.05
    • centre of gravity approach 11.08
    • claim directly or indirectly related to the employment 11.06
    • directors as employees 11.03
    • domicile 11.02, 11.05, 11.07, 11.08, 13.07
    • duties of employment in more than one Lugano State 11.08
    • ‘fake self-employment’, treatment of 11.04, 20.08
    • foreign judgments under Lugano Convention 33.11
    • former employment, claims arising from 11.05
    • international jurisdiction in courts of UK 11.10
    • jurisdictional rules 11.07
    • Lugano Convention, Section 5 of Title II 11.02
    • powerful work relationships as employment 11.03
    • Regulation 1215/2012 8.05, 11.02, 11.07, 20.06, 33.11, 33.34
    • work relationships pretending not to be employment 11.04
  • England and Wales, meaning of 1.02
  • Equitable right not to be sued
    • anti-suit injunctions to enforce 28.05
  • Establishment, business see Branch, agency or other establishment
  • Estoppel
  • European Convention on Human Rights
    • impact on application for stay of proceedings 22.10
    • reason to refuse recognition of foreign judgment 33.14, 34.33
  • European Free Trade Association (EFTA) 1.02, 3.04
  • European law in English courts 1.03
    • authority of decided cases 1.10
    • Brussels Conventions 1.04
    • Brussels I Regulation (44/2001) 1.06
    • Brussels I Regulation ‘recast’ (1215/2012) 1.07
    • Lugano Conventions 1.05
    • preliminary rulings by European Court 1.09
    • secondary sources of law 1.08
  • Exclusive jurisdiction (regardless of domicile) under Lugano Convention 7.01–7.29

    • Page 930

      companies; proceedings having validity as their object 7.11–7.15
    • court’s duty to confirm no court has 17.02
    • enforcement of judgments from Lugano States 7.22–7.27
    • foreign judgments 33.11, 33.34
    • immovable property, proceedings having as their object 7.02–7.10
    • intellectual property rights registered in Lugano States 7.18–7.21
    • interim relief where 31.09, 31.13, 31.22
    • issue of, raised as defence to claim 7.07
    • lis alibi pendens 7.08, 18.01, 18.14, 18.21
    • non-Lugano States, analogy with exclusive jurisdiction 7.10, 7.26, 7.28
    • public registers, entries in, proceedings having as their object 7.16–7.17
    • tenancies, proceedings having as their object 7.06, 7.08
  • Fair trial 21.11, 24.38, 28.02, 28.27
    • foreign judgments refused recognition if lack of 33.13, 33.14, 33.19, 33.20, 34.31, 34.33
    • stay of proceedings and doubt as to fairness of foreign trial 22.24
      • availability of foreign court and prospect of fair trial 22.10
  • Family law 22.02
  • Fax 12.06, 24.15
  • Federal states and complex countries
    • presence of defendant in 34.07
  • Fiduciary duties 14.11, 23.04
    • gateway to service out of the jurisdiction 24.26
  • Finland 1.04, 5.03, 14.18
  • Foreign judgments: Part E of this book
    • 1920 Act see Foreign judgments registered under 1920 Act
    • 1933 Act see Foreign judgments registered under 1933 Act
    • 1982 Act see Foreign judgments registered under 1982 Act
    • anti-suit injunctions
      • against enforcement of foreign judgment wrongly obtained 28.16
      • disobedience to 28.27
      • to restrain enforcement of judgment not wrongly obtained 28.17
    • Brussels and Lugano see Foreign judgments taking effect under Brussels and Lugano rules
    • common law rules see Foreign judgments and common law rules
    • Foreign judgments and common law rules 31.23, 31.26, 32.01–32.02, 34.01–34.45
    • class actions, foreign judgments and orders in 34.41
    • conflict with prior English judgment 34.34
    • conflicting with English public policy 34.32
    • contrary to valid dispute resolution agreement 34.26–34.27
    • defences to plea of res judicata 34.21
    • doctrine of obligation 34.19, 34.27
    • effect and consequences of res judicata 34.35
    • enforcement by action in English courts 34.36
    • final and conclusive requirement for recognition 34.23–34.25
    • fraud as defence to recognition 34.28
    • Human Rights Act 1998 requiring non-recognition 34.33
    • judgments from courts or judicial bodies 34.03
    • judgments enforcing (third state) judgments 34.25
    • natural or substantial justice, breach of as defence to recognition 34.31
    • non-recognition, consequences of 34.44
    • objections which are not defences to recognition 34.22
    • penal, revenue or other public law, judgment based on 34.37
    • Protection of Trading Interests Act 1980 34.38
    • recognition as bar to re-litigation 34.39
    • recognition of judgment against unsuccessful litigant 34.40
    • recognition of judgments in personam: jurisdiction of foreign court 34.20
    • connection of losing party to foreign court 34.04, 34.18
    • defendant corporation present within foreign jurisdiction 34.06
    • defendant individual present within foreign jurisdiction 34.05
    • doctrine of obligation as basis 34.19, 34.27

    • Page 931

      presence within jurisdiction of foreign court 34.05–34.07
    • presence in federal states 34.07
    • voluntary submission or agreement to jurisdiction of court 34.08–34.17
    • recognition of judgments in rem
    • connection of res to foreign court 34.20
    • res judicata, requirements for 34.02
    • States, judgments against 34.45
    • time limits for proceedings 34.36
    • voluntary submission to jurisdiction of foreign court 34.08, 34.19
    • after commencement of proceedings 34.16
    • ante litem: by agreement 34.09
    • appearance, by voluntary 34.11
    • appearance to contest jurisdiction not submission 34.12–34.13
    • company and shareholders, by 34.17
    • counterclaim or cross-claim, by 34.14
    • followed by amendment of claim 34.15
    • implied or inferred 34.10
    • insolvency claim, in relation to 34.17
    • involvement or participation in foreign process? 34.17
  • Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1933 see Foreign Judgments registered under 1933 Act
  • Foreign judgments registered under 1920 Act 32.01–32.02, 35.01–35.06
    • appeal pending or intended 35.04
    • Brexit, effect of 35.06
    • countries and judgments to which Act applies 35.02
    • jurisdiction of foreign court 35.03
    • procedural points relating to registration 35.05
    • substantive defences to registration 35.04
    • time limits for registration proceedings 35.02
  • Foreign judgments registered under 1933 Act 32.01–32.02, 35.07–35.11
    • Brexit, effect of 35.11
    • countries and judgments to which Act applies 35.07
    • jurisdiction of foreign court 35.08
    • procedural points relating to registration 35.10
    • substantive defences to registration 35.09
    • time limits for registration proceedings 35.10
  • Foreign judgments registered under 1982 Act 32.01–32.02, 35.11, 36.01–36.07
    • Hague Choice of Court Convention 2005, judgments under 35.06, 36.03
      • registration of 36.04
      • setting aside registration of 36.05
    • Hague Judgments Convention 2019 36.07
    • Gibraltar, judgments from 36.02
    • Northern Ireland, judgments from 36.02
    • Scotland, judgments from 36.02
  • Foreign judgments taking effect under Brussels and Lugano rules 31.23, 32.01–32.02, 33.01–33.38
    • authentic instruments 33.30
    • court-approved settlements 33.30
    • default judgments 33.07, 33.14, 33.16–33.20
      • documents which must have been served 33.17
      • failing to challenge after judgment given 33.20
      • irregularity in service of process 33.19
      • time to prevent judgment in default 33.18
    • enforcement under Lugano and Regultion 44/2001 33.26, 33.29
      • appeals and registration 33.28, 33.30, 33.31, 33.37
      • application for registration 33.27
      • EEO Regulation and Regulation 44/2001 33.31
      • interest on judgments 33.29
      • orders: enforcement by closest local equivalent 33.29
      • partial enforcement of 33.29
      • time limits for proceedings 33.28
    • enforcement under Regulation 1215/2012 33.36
      • application for refusal of enforcement 33.37, 33.38
    • judicial decisions in relation to arbitration 33.07, 33.15, 33.21
      • Lugano Convention and Regulation 44/2001 33.09
      • Regulation 1215/2012 33.10, 33.35
    • non-Lugano-domiciled judgment debtors 33.05
    • recognition 33.06, 33.29
      • as basis for issue estoppel 33.24
      • civil or commercial matter 33.08
      • and consequences of recognition 33.23
      • default judgment 33.07, 33.14, 33.16–33.20

      • Page 932

        general 33.04
      • irreconcilable judgments 33.21–33.22
      • judgment from a court in a Lugano State 33.07
      • judgment giving effect to non-Lugano State judgment 33.07
      • judicial decisions in relation to arbitration 33.09–33.10
      • jurisdiction agreement, judgment in conflict with 33.11, 33.14
      • jurisdictional objections to recognition, permitted 33.11
      • manifestly contrary to English public policy 33.13
      • non-jurisdictional objections: general 33.12
      • public policy and departures from parties’ agreement 33.15
      • public policy and overall fairness of procedure 33.14
      • reasons not given for foreign judgment 33.14
    • recognition and Regulation 1215/2012 33.32, 33.38
      • meaning of ‘judgment’ 33.33
      • non-recognition of judgments 33.34
  • Forum non conveniens 19.05, 20.01, 20.04, 20.05, 22.01–22.28
    • proceedings in non-Lugano State 19.02, 19.03, 19.06, 19.12
    • stay of proceedings when court see separate entry
  • France 1.04, 5.03
    • bilateral treaty on enforcement of judgments 2.07
      • registration of judgments under 1933 Act 35.07
    • Overseas Collectivities (formerly Territoires d’Outre Mer) 3.03, 5.03
  • Fraud
    • common law defence to recognition of judgment 34.28–34.30
    • registration of judgments under 1920 Act and 35.04
    • registration of judgments under 1933 Act and 35.09
    • registration of judgments within Hague Choice of Court Convention 2005 and 36.05
  • Freezing injunctions 7.25, 24.09, 31.02, 31.03, 31.08, 31.11
    • enforcement in Lugano States 31.24
    • foreign judgments ordering 33.07, 33.33
    • from courts of non-Lugano State 31.26
    • inexpediency of granting 31.12, 31.18
    • local proceedings to obtain 31.19
    • orders made to aid enforcement of English judgments 31.22
    • real connecting link with court making order and Lugano Convention 31.10
    • well-founded fear of dissipation 31.20
    • worldwide injunction 31.03, 31.10, 31.16, 33.29
  • Iceland 1.05, 2.01, 2.06, 3.02, 3.04, 3.05, 5.03
  • Immovable property in Lugano State: exclusive jurisdiction
    • issue raised by defence rather than by claim 7.07
    • land within UK 7.09
    • in non-Lugano State, application of rule by analogy? 7.10, 19.01, 19.03, 19.11
    • personal obligations relating to land 7.04
    • principles of land law applicable to dispute 7.05
      • rights in rem, meaning 7.03
    • short private lettings 7.08
    • tenancies of immovable property 7.06
  • Immunity
    • common law and statutory jurisdiction, immunity from 21.11
    • sovereign and State 5.11, 21.11, 34.45
  • India 35.07
  • Inheritance 5.16
  • Injunctions 33.07
  • Insolvency 28.01, 28.04, 28.11
    • exclusion from Lugano Convention 5.17
    • foreign judgments and common law rules
      • submission by involvement in foreign administration 34.17
  • Insurance
    • agreements on choice of court and 9.05, 23.12
    • declarations of liability in context of 30.03
    • domicile and protective Lugano jurisdiction 9.02, 9.04, 9.05, 9.06, 13.07
    • foreign judgments under Lugano/Brussels rules 33.11, 33.34
    • general scheme of protective jurisdictional rules 9.04
    • Hague Choice of Court Convention 2005 25.03
    • Lugano Convention 9.01–9.07, 33.11
    • professional relationships within protective jurisdiction scheme? 9.03
    • Regulation 1215/2012 8.05, 33.11, 33.34
    • written on London market, choice of court agreement 24.36
  • Intellectual property rights 20.03, 21.09
    • common law and statutory jurisdiction 21.09
    • gateways to service out of the jurisdiction 24.17, 24.21
    • patents see separate entry
    • registered in Lugano States 7.18–7.21
    • special jurisdiction and Lugano Convention 14.16, 14.36, 14.37, 15.05
  • Intellectual property rights registered in Lugano States: exclusive jurisdiction 7.18–7.21
    • defence to infringement claims 7.19
    • deposit or registration in UK 7.21
    • multiple national patents 7.20
  • Interim or interlocutory remedies see Provisional and interim relief
  • Internet 24.37
    • agreements on jurisdiction made by 12.06
    • consumer contracts made by 10.12
    • special jurisdiction and claims arising from 14.32, 14.36, 14.37
  • Interpretation of Lugano Convention 3.01–3.15, 7.01, 14.02, 14.31
  • Ireland 1.04, 14.04, 14.18
  • Irreconcilable decisions
  • Isle of Man 3.03, 5.03, 26.11, 35.07, 36.02
  • Israel 35.07
    • bilateral treaty 5.07
    • registration of judgments under 1933 Act 35.07
  • Italy 1.04, 14.18
  • Jurisdiction agreements at common law 23.01–23.19, 24.37, 25.09
    • arbitration, comparison with 23.07, 23.19
    • assignment, effect on agreement 23.12
    • consumer contracts, in 20.07
    • employment contracts, in 20.08
    • foreign judgments, effect in relation to 34.09, 34.26

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      gateway to service out of jurisdiction 24.10
    • imported from another contract 23.10
    • influence of arbitration 23.07
    • interpretation: applicable law 23.06
    • material scope: effect beyond contract in which written 23.09
    • material scope of agreement governed by English law 23.08
    • nature of jurisdiction agreement 23.03
    • non-exclusive agreements 23.13, 23.14
    • personal scope: privity and related issues 23.11
    • scope of, general 23.03
    • stay of proceedings 22.02, 22.05, 22.16, 22.25, 22.27, 23.15–23.19
      • arbitration 23.19
      • breach of contract: Hague cases 23.17
      • breach of contract: non-Hague cases 23.15
      • damages when English proceedings not stayed 23.18
      • non-exclusive agreements 23.16
      • strong presumption in favour of stay 23.15
    • subrogation, effect on agreement 23.12
    • validity of 23.02
      • in admitted-but-voidable contract 23.04
      • in connection with contract shown to be void 23.05
      • severability from substantive contract 23.04, 34.09 see also Agreements on jurisdiction and Lugano Convention; Anti-suit injunctions; Damages for loss caused by wrongful litigation; Hague Convention 2005
  • Maintenance: special jurisdiction under Lugano Convention 14.24
  • Malta 2.07, 35.06
  • Mareva injunctions see Freezing injunctions
  • Marital property
    • exclusion from Lugano Convention 5.16, 14.48
  • Maritime law 6.04, 22.02
    • Admiralty action in rem 13.02, 18.08
    • Admiralty gateway to service out of jurisdiction 24.30
    • limitation of liability in shipping claims, special jurisdiction 15.19
  • Material scope of Lugano Convention 5.06–5.20
    • arbitration, matters relating to or affected by 5.08, 5.19, 5.20, 28.19, 33.09–33.10
    • bankruptcy and insolvency 5.17
    • enforcement of non-Lugano State judgment, proceedings based on 5.08, 5.14
    • excluded issues arising incidentally 5.13
    • exclusions from scope: general interpretation of 5.07
    • exclusions, specific exclusions of civil and commercial matters 5.15–5.20
    • foreign judgments 33.08
    • marital property 5.16
    • ‘matters’, meaning of 5.08
    • personal capacity and status 5.16
    • private persons exercising public functions 5.12
    • proceedings against public bodies 5.11
    • public authorities against private parties 5.10
    • social security 5.10, 5.18
    • wills and succession 5.16
  • Mexico
  • Moçambique rule 21.06
  • Monaco 3.03, 5.03
  • Montenegro 5.03
  • Mutual trust and confidence 3.14, 4.08, 6.03, 19.08, 28.19, 33.08
  • Overseas companies
    • service of process on 26.07
  • Pakistan 35.07
    • bilateral treaty for registration of judgments 35.07
      • registration of judgments under 1933 Act 35.07
  • Partnerships
    • Lugano Convention 7.11
    • service of process on partners and 26.05, 26.08
  • Patents 7.18, 7.19, 7.20, 7.21, 7.28, 15.05, 20.03
  • Portugal 1.04, 5.03
  • Product liability 14.34, 14.39, 34.38
    • gateway to service out of jurisdiction in tort matters 24.19
    • special jurisdiction under Lugano Convention 14.34, 14.39
  • Provisional and interim relief 31.01–31.26, 33.07
    • anti-suit injunctions, interlocutory 28.26, 31.01
    • beneficial ownership of assets 31.20
    • co-defendants 31.20
    • evidence, measures for taking of 31.21
    • gateway to service out of jurisdiction 24.13
    • general 31.01
    • interim remedies: relief available from English court 31.02
      • freezing injunctions see separate entry
    • interim remedy, obtaining 31.06, 31.20
      • Brussels/Lugano/Hague issues 31.08
      • courts of another Lugano State have jurisdiction on the substance 31.10
      • English court has jurisdiction on the substance 31.09
      • English law rules 31.07
      • granting relief: exercise of powers and discretion 31.12
      • jurisdiction according to English law 31.11
      • no court having jurisdiction under Lugano Convention 31.15
      • no Lugano court yet seised 31.13
      • non-Lugano State, before courts of 31.18
      • outside civil or commercial matters 31.17
      • proceedings in Hague Choice of Court Convention 2005 State 31.16
      • residual jurisdiction over the substance 31.14
    • interlocutory/interim injunctions 31.01, 31.02, 31.05

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      jurisdiction agreements 31.12, 31.13
    • post-judgment orders
    • recognition and enforcement
      • English orders in other Lugano States 31.24
      • orders of courts of Lugano States 31.25
      • orders of courts of non-Lugano States 31.26
    • search or Anton Piller orders 31.02
    • stay of proceedings 31.19
  • Public authorities
    • Proceedings against private parties: Lugano Convention 5.10
    • proceedings against public bodies: Lugano Convention 5.11
  • Public international law
    • common law jurisdiction denied by general principles of 21.11
  • Public policy
    • foreign judgments 33.11, 33.12, 33.21, 33.23, 33.29
      • authentic instruments, non-recognition of 33.30
      • Brussels/Lugano rules and non-Lugano-domiciled judgment debtors 33.05
      • disobedience in face of anti-suit injunction 28.27
      • foreign judgments at common law 34.21, 34.22, 34.24, 34.32, 34.33, 34.38
      • foreign judgments under Lugano Convention, non-recognition 33.12–33.15
      • Hague Choice of Court Convention 2005 36.05
      • overall fairness of foreign procedure 33.14
      • setting aside registration under 1920 Act 35.04
      • setting aside registration under 1933 Act 35.09
  • Pure financial/pecuniary loss
    • special jurisdiction under Lugano Convention 14.33, 14.35, 14.36
    • gateway to service out of jurisdiction where loss sustained 24.18
  • Purposive interpretation of Lugano Convention 3.10
  • Registers, public
    • exclusive jurisdiction under Lugano Convention 7.16, 7.17, 15.17
  • Registration of foreign judgments
    • 1920 Act see Foreign judgments registered under 1920 Act
    • 1933 Act see Foreign judgments registered under 1933 Act
    • 1982 Act see Foreign judgments registered under 1982 Act
  • Res judicata and re-litigation
  • Residual jurisdiction under Lugano Convention 14.01, 16.01–16.02, 19.13, 21.01, 24.08
    • exercise when connection to non-Lugano State 16.02, 19.12
    • interim relief, where court has 31.14
  • Resulting trustees
    • gateway to service out of the jurisdiction 24.26
  • Rome II Regulation
    • relevance special jurisdiction under Lugano Convention 14.29, 14.30
  • Taxation
    • common law and statutory jurisdiction 21.10
    • foreign revenue law 34.37
    • gateway to service out of the jurisdiction 24.28
    • Lugano Convention 5.10, 5.15
  • Teleological interpretation of Lugano Convention 3.10
  • Temporary effect of non-retained EU laws 2.05
  • Third parties
    • agreements on jurisdiction
      • common law 23.11
      • subrogation and assignment and effect of Lugano Convention 12.12
      • succession and substitution and effect of Lugano Convention 12.11
    • gateway to service out of the jurisdiction: third-party costs order 24.29
    • interim relief 31.20

    • Page 941

      freezing injunctions 31.03
      • warranty or guarantee: special jurisdiction for claims based on 15.08–15.13
  • Threatened torts
    • special jurisdiction in respect of anticipated or 14.41
  • Time-shares
    • exclusive jurisdiction regardless of domicile for disputes arising from 7.08
  • Tonga 35.07
    • bilateral treaty for registration of judgments 35.07
    • registration of judgments under 1933 Act 35.07
  • Tortiously wrongful litigation, damages for 29.01, 29.02, 29.08
  • Tort, delict or quasi-delict: special jurisdiction under Lugano Convention 14.12, 14.25–14.42
    • anticipated or threatened torts 14.41
    • autonomous meaning of terms 14.26
    • bad investment cases 14.35
    • causal event limb 14.31, 14.38–14.40
    • damage or loss occurred limb 14.31, 14.33–14.37
    • direct or indirect damage as jurisdictionally significant 14.33
    • event giving rise to damage 14.38–14.39
    • harmful event: general interpretation 14.31
    • harmful event: claims for negative declaratory relief 14.32
    • international jurisdiction: place where harmful event occurred 14.42
    • international jurisdiction in English court 14.42
    • ‘liability’ as characteristic of claims 14.27, 14.28
    • locating where damage occurred 14.34–14.37
    • loss or damage in several States 14.37
    • person whose act is jurisdictionally relevant 14.40
    • pre-contractual liability, treatment of 14.30
    • psychiatric injury as damage 14.33
    • pure financial loss 14.33, 14.35, 14.36
    • relevant and irrelevant damage 14.33
    • Rome II Regulation, role of 14.29, 14.30
    • threatened or anticipated torts 14.41
  • Trade marks 7.18, 7.21
  • Trade secrets 24.21
  • Trusts
    • agreements on jurisdiction in, and Lugano Convention 12.22
    • domicile of for Lugano Convention 13.08, 14.48
    • gateways to service out of the jurisdiction 24.21, 24.22, 24.23
      • constructive or resulting trustee 24.26
    • special jurisdiction: trustee, beneficiary or settlor 14.48–14.49
  • Turkey 5.03
  • Vatican City 3.03, 5.03
    • judgments contrary to European Convention on Human Rights 34.33
  • Veil of incorporation
    • agreements on jurisdiction and 12.13
  • Warsaw Convention
    • stay of proceedings consistent with 22.02
  • Wills
    • exclusion from Lugano Convention 5.16, 14.48
    • gateway to service out of the jurisdiction 24.25
  • Wrongful litigation 26.01, 28.01
    • anti-suit injunctions see separate entry
    • damages for loss caused by see separate entry
    • declaratory judgment on merits of dispute 26.01, 30.01–30.03
    • seeking remedy from foreign court 28.01

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