2.1 As regards passengers and luggage, the uniform system of law is CIV, set out in Appendix A to COTIF.1 and, as regards goods, the uniform system of law is CIM,2 set out in Appendix B to COTIF. CIV and CIM are sometimes referred to as the Berne Conventions. Whereas originally CIM (and/or CIV) was the Convention, to which states became party, since 1980 the treaty, to which states may become party, is COTIF. COTIF consolidates earlier Conventions, and also provides a constitution for OTIF, the principal aim of which is “to establish a uniform system of law applicable to the carriage of passengers, luggage and goods in international through traffic by rail between Member States, and to facilitate the application and development of this system”: COTIF, Article 2.1.