A. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY—PROPERTY DAMAGE, LOSS OFLIFE AND PERSONAL INJURY

Introduction

The Philippines is not a signatory to the 1957 or 1976 Limitation Conventions or the 1974 Athens PAL Convention. Neither has the Philippines ratified or given effect to the Hague-Visby Rules as amended by the Brussels Protocol (1968) and the Hamburg Rules (1974). Although the Philippines has neither ratified nor acceded to the Hague Rules, the said rules are incorporated in Philippine Law in view of the enactment of the Commonwealth Act No. 65 in 1936 which made the US Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (COGSA) of 1936 applicable to the Philippines.