Lloyd's Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly
THE GOVERNING LAW(S) OF A LETTER OF CREDIT
Richard Gwynne*
Taurus v SOMO revisited
The decision of the Supreme Court in Taurus v SOMO (“Taurus”)1 has been the subject of two Comments in the May 2018 edition of the Quarterly, by Dr CH Tham2 (focusing in particular on whether a third-party debt order can or should extend to a sum directed to be paid by the debtor to a third party) and Stephen Tricks3 (principally directed to the relationships between banks under a letter of credit). Both Comments identify some difficulties with the decision of the Supreme Court.
This Comment addresses a further issue arising from Taurus. It is what (if anything) the Supreme Court decided about the governing law of the contracts contained in a letter of credit and in particular those contracts to which the issuing bank is a party. The point is of importance not only in relation to the factual situation in Taurus itself (concerning a letter of credit issued by the branch of a bank in London advised by an overseas bank to an overseas beneficiary) but also to what might be described as the mirror image of those facts: a letter of credit issued by the branch of a bank overseas through a nominated/confirming bank4 in London where an attachment or injunction is obtained from a court in the jurisdiction of the issuing bank which prevents or purports to prevent the issuing bank from making payment to the nominated bank or to the beneficiary. Traditionally, the English courts have taken a robust approach to such orders. One reason has been that the obligations of the issuing bank to both the beneficiary and the nominated bank are governed by English law and, even if the issuing bank is subject to the overseas court’s jurisdiction, that court order will not as such discharge those obligations as a matter
* Partner, Stephenson Harwood LLP; member of the ICC (UK) Banking Committee.
1. Taurus Petroleum Ltd v State Oil Marketing Co of the Ministry of Oil, Iraq [2017] UKSC 64; [2018] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 29; [2017] 3 WLR 1170.
2. “Different debts for different purposes” [2018] LMCLQ 210.
3. “Bank-to-bank relationships in letters of credit” [2018] LMCLQ 217.
4. For convenience, this Comment will refer in general to a nominated bank, since a confirming bank is essentially a nominated bank which has added an independent prior promise to pay the beneficiary against conforming documents. The obligations of an issuing bank to a nominated bank do not differ depending on whether the nominated bank has issued its confirmation as is apparent from Art.7 of UCP 600 (infra, fn.8).
Case and comment
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