i-law

Law of Construction Disputes, The

Page 663

Index

Index

  • Abatement
  • ACA forms of contract 34
  • Accord and satisfaction 199–200
  • ACE forms of contract 34, 81, 109
  • Act of God 138, 144, 147, 321
  • Adjudication 344, 357–358
  • Affirmation
    • of contract after repudiatory breach 195–197
  • Agency
    • subcontractors 139
  • Amicable settlement
    • after notice of dissatisfaction 419
  • Anticipatory repudiation 194–195
  • Applicable law 1
  • Arbitration 347
  • Battle of the forms 51–54
  • Bilateral contracts 56
  • Capacity 44
  • Causation 236–241, 269–271, 333
  • Certification 203–217
    • errors 205–206
    • fairness 214–215, 217
    • FIDIC Red Book: interim payment certificates 204
    • ICE: Measurement Version 169–170
    • impartiality of certifier 206–208, 214, 215–216, 217
    • interim certificates 206
    • liability of certifier
    • natural justice 206, 214, 215, 217
    • repudiatory breach 189
    • requirements, certificate 205
    • variations: final certificates 231
  • Civil law 6–9, 13, 256
    • countries 9
    • differences between common and 8–9, 45
    • jurisprudence constante 5–6
    • Napoleonic Code 6, 7–8
  • Claims 235–236
  • Collateral warranties 167, 209, 210, 283–289
    • formation of subcontract: raised but not pursued 104
    • net contribution clauses 283, 285
    • subcontractor: defect issues 131
    • third parties: Act 1999 285–289
      • opting out 289
  • Common law 1–6
    • countries 5
    • differences between civil and 8–9, 45
    • history 2
    • obiter dictum 5
    • ratio decidendi 5
    • stare decisis 2–6
  • Conciliation 345
    • France 32–33
    • Germany 30–31
    • Sharia – Islamic law 10
  • Condition precedent
  • Conditions
    • contract terms 58–59
  • Confidentiality
  • Consideration 44–47
  • Construction contract
    • agreement to agree 58
    • battle of the forms 51–54
    • capacity 44
    • conditions 58–59
    • consideration 44–47
    • defining 41–42
    • estimate for work 55–56
    • express terms 59, 79, 80, 81, 108, 117, 185, 208, 288
    • fairness and fair dealing 56–57, 59
    • formation 41–50
    • implied agreements 44
    • implied terms 58, 59, 99, 108, 407
      • access to or possession of site 111, 115–116, 117, 126
      • business efficacy test 59
      • ground conditions 121–122
      • officious bystander test 59
    • innominate terms 59
    • intent to be legally bound 47–48
    • invitation to treat 42–43
    • letters of intent 50
    • offer and acceptance 42–44, 52, 54
    • oral 49–50, 108
    • privity of contract 48–49, 137, 283, 285
    • severability clauses 58
    • Subject to Contract 52
    • tenders 54–57
    • uncertainty 58
    • unilateral 43–44
      • bilateral contract vs 57
    • warranties 58
  • Construction operations
  • Construction tenders 54–57

  • Page 665

     Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999
  • Contribution
  • Cost reimbursement or cost plus fee contract 39
  • Costs
    • adjudication
      • HGCRA 1996 367, 370–371
      • Scheme for Construction Contracts 370
    • Dispute Boards 383
    • refusal to mediate 351–355, 356–357
  • Damages
  • Deceit 63
  • Defective Premises Act 1972
  • Defences 141
    • force majeure 141–149, 181
    • frustration 141, 144–145, 149–153
      • mistake vs impossibility vs 70–73
    • impracticability or impossibility of performance 70–71, 145–146
      • FIDIC Forms of Contract 181
    • misrepresentation see separate entry
    • mistake see separate entry
    • Rylands v Fletcher 321
  • Delay
    • by certifier in issuing interim certificates 212–214
    • by subcontractors 129–131
    • concurrent 269–271, 333
    • disruption vs 263
    • repudiatory breach: substantial 190 see also Extension of time (EOT) clauses
  • Design professionals 75–110
    • architect/engineer’s duty: tort vs contract 77–78
    • concurrent negligence and contract duty 83–88
      • assumptions, design 93–94
      • continuing duty 89–92
      • expert evidence 88
      • negligence generally 83–96
      • new or cutting edge 89
      • pro-active duty to review design 89, 90, 93–94
      • remoteness test 87–88
      • temporary works 94–96
    • delegation of design responsibilities 109–110
    • duty to others 100
    • fitness for purpose liability 76–77, 78–80, 81–83, 108, 156, 163, 164, 173–174, 180
    • knowledge of others 106–107
    • latent defects, subsequent occupiers and personal injury 102–103
    • matters other than design 107
    • NEC3 173–174
    • new, novel and strict design standards 89, 107–108
    • others, liability for design of 109–110
    • physical damage/personal injury 100, 102–103
    • purely economic losses 77–78, 83–87, 95–96, 97, 100–102, 105–106
      • employer and sub-consultant 104
      • tests for imposition of duty of care 101–102
    • reasonable skill and care 79, 80–83, 108, 156, 164, 173–174

    • Page 666

      retrospective danger, duty to warn of 96–100
    • subsequent occupiers, latent defects and personal injury 102–103
  • Design-build form contracts 156–175
    • contractor to scrutinise employer’s requirements for errors 158
    • extension of time (EOT) clauses 159
      • sweeping-up 160
    • JCT forms of contract see separate entry
  • Development banks
  • Diminution in value
  • Disclosure
  • Dispute
  • Dispute Boards 17, 372–385
  • Dispute resolution 343–385
    • adjudication see separate entry
    • arbitration see separate entry
    • conciliation see separate entry
    • conventional model 343
    • Disputes Boards see separate entry
    • engineer as quasi-arbitrator 21–24
    • engineer/arbitrator as judge 19–21
    • historical development of 17–19
    • JCT: changes made in SBC05 168
    • mediation see separate entry
    • NEC3 172
    • NEC4 174
    • overview of forms of 343–345
    • Sharia – Islamic law 10–13
  • Disruption
    • claims: delay vs 263
  • Due diligence 263
  • Germany
    • non-statutory adjudication 30–31
  • Glossary of construction terms 435–450
  • Good faith 22, 30, 31, 59, 185, 355, 426
  • Government forms of contract 34
  • Guaranteed maximum price contract 38
  • Hanafi Islamic Sharia 10, 11–13
  • Hanbali Islamic Sharia 11–13, 14
  • High-low arbitration 344, 350
  • Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996
  • Human rights
    • private and family life 317, 318
  • ICE conditions of contract 34, 155, 156, 168–170
    • conciliation 345
    • Disputes Boards 378, 382–383
    • ground conditions 120–121
    • Measurement Version 7th Edition 168
    • reasonable care and skill 157
    • time and cost issues 169–170
  • Implied agreements 44
  • Impracticability or impossibility of performance 70–71, 145–146
    • FIDIC Forms of Contract 144, 181
  • Injunctions
    • adjudication
      • HGCRA 1996 368
    • damages in lieu 255
    • encroachment 323
    • licence to enter site 113–115
    • trespass 113–114, 323
  • Innominate terms 59
  • Insolvency
    • employer insolvency and payments to subcontractors 128–129
    • unfair preference 129
  • Intent to be legally bound 47–48
  • Interest
    • arbitrator 349–350
    • Sharia – Islamic law 15
  • International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) 17, 374, 378, 387
    • Combined Dispute Board 373
    • Dispute Board Rules: text 541–555
  • Invitation to treat 42–43
  • Islamic law see Sharia – Islamic law
  • Issue estoppel 406–407
  • JCT forms of contract 34, 155, 156, 160–168
    • changes between 2016 and 2011 editions 164–165
    • changes made in SBC05 162–164, 165
      • commencement, progress and completion 166–167
      • design 163–164
      • dispute resolution 168
      • fit for purpose 163, 164
      • insurance 166
      • nominated subcontractors 162–163
      • reasonable skill and care 164
      • termination 167
      • warranties/third-party rights 167
    • condition precedent 342
    • extension of time 159
    • force majeure 141
    • JCT 98 SFBC 162
    • list of 160–162
    • nominated subcontractors 127, 162–163
    • reasonable care and skill 157, 164
    • third-party rights 285
  • Joint ventures 374
  • Judicial appraisal 344
  • Jurisprudence constante 5 – 6
  • Maliki Islamic Sharia 11–13
  • Mediation 345
    • after notice of dissatisfaction 419
    • agreements 387
    • arbitration 345, 350
    • enforceability of ADR agreements and mediation settlement agreements 355–356
    • JCT: changes made in SBC05 168
    • litigation vs arbitration vs 345–346
    • refusing 351–355
      • no cost consequences 356–357
    • Sharia – Islamic law 13
    • withdrawing from 356
  • Methods of construction contracting 35–36
    • construction manager 37
    • design-build 36, 75
    • management contracting 37
    • other 37
    • traditional 36
  • Misrepresentation 59–65
    • by words or conduct 60
    • distinctions 61–62
    • express false representations 62–63
    • fraud in the factum 60
    • fraud in the inducement 60
    • HGCRA 1996 363
    • implied 63
    • innocent 64
    • misstatements of law vs fact 64–65
    • negligent 64
    • non-disclosure 63
    • site conditions 123–124
    • true but stops being true 62
  • Mistake 65
    • common 68–70
    • frustration vs impossibility vs 70–73
    • HGCRA 1996 adjudication
    • mutual 67–68
    • unilateral 65–67
  • Pacta sunt servanda 21 , 41 – 42
  • Payment formats
    • cost reimbursement or cost plus fee contract 39
    • guaranteed maximum price contract 38
    • remeasurement type of contract 38–39
    • target cost contract 39
    • traditional lump sum or fixed price contract 38
  • Payment(s)
    • FIDIC Forms of Contract 179
    • ICE: Measurement Version 169–170
    • notices 371
    • prohibited conditional 371
    • suspension of performance for non-payment 372
    • termination of contract for non 188–189
    • to subcontractors and employer insolvency 128–129
    • see also Certification
  • Personal data
    • protection 398
  • Personal injury, latent defects and subsequent occupiers 102–103
  • Precedent 2–6
    • binding 2, 5, 9
    • persuasive 2, 5
  • Prevention principle 184–185, 271, 325, 327, 331, 337, 340–342
    • meaning of 184
  • Privity of contract 48–49, 283, 285
    • subcontractors 137
  • Professional indemnity insurance
    • reasonable skill and care 79
  • Promissory estoppel 200–202
  • Ratio decidendi 5
  • Rectification
    • mistake 68
  • Release
    • discharge of contract 197–199
  • Remeasurement type of contract 38–39
  • Repudiation
    • anticipatory 194–195
    • contractual termination vs common law 187–192
    • defective work 189–190
    • delay, substantial 189–190
    • employer fails to give possession of site 189
    • employer’s failure to pay on time 188–189
    • need not be accepted 195–197
    • unjustified walking off job 189
    • wrongful suspension 192–194
  • Rescission 197
  • RIBA Architect’s Appointment 81, 109
  • Rylands v Fletcher 319 – 322
  • Sale of Goods Act 1979
  • Scheme for Construction Contracts (England and Wales) Regulations 1998
  • Set-off
    • abatement vs 279–281
    • serial adjudication decisions 416–418
  • Severability clauses 58
  • Shafi Islamic Sharia 10–13
  • Sharia – Islamic law 9–17
  • Site 111
    • access after completion 117–118
    • access denied: anticipatory repudiation 196
    • access, right to 111
    • conditions 118
      • contract provisions for unexpected ground 121–123
      • misrepresentation of site 123–124
      • unforeseen ground 118–121
    • HGCRA 1996: definition of 124–126
    • licence to enter 112–116
    • possession
      • by whom 112
      • employer responsibility regarding 126
      • (non-)exclusive 117
      • repudiatory breach: employer failure to give 189
    • wrongfully excluded by unrelated third parties 116
  • Specific performance 45, 73, 115, 255–256, 287
  • Standard construction contracts
    • methods of construction contracting 35–36
      • construction manager 37
      • design-build 36, 75
      • management contracting 37
      • other 37
      • traditional 36
    • operation and payments formats 38–39
    • standard form 33–35
  • Standard form contracts 33–34, 155–156
    • provisions 35, 109
      • adjudication 358
      • custom-drafted 35
      • extensions of time 326
    • ‘short form’ 155–156
    • use of 35, 155
    • see also individual standard forms
  • Stare decisis 2 – 6 , 9
  • Strict liability 80
    • fitness for purpose 76–77
    • vicarious liability 310
  • Subcontractor 127–139
    • default by
    • employer insolvency and payments 128–129
    • NEC3: definition of 171
    • nominated 127
    • relations with architects and engineers 139
    • relations with contractor 128
    • relations with employer
      • no privity 137
      • third parties: 1999 Act 137
      • tort liability 137–138
    • types of subcontract 127
  • Subject to Contract 52
  • Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982
  • Waiver 200–202
  • Warranties
    • collateral see separate entry
  • World Bank

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