Transport Documents in Carriage of Goods by Sea
Page 250
Index
Index
- agency
- agent
- antedating of a bill 38–39
- bill of lading 106–109
- bill signature 42, 105–106
- charterer, of 105–106
- dock receipt 30
- electronic transport documents 223
- identity of carrier 170–171
- identity under time charter 93
- liability 150–151
- multimodal transport documents 208–209
- obligations 27
- ship, of 104–5
- time charter 95–104
- UCP, and 188
- apparent order and condition of goods 47–48
- approximate quantity 180–181
- arbitration
- as presented
- bailment 142
- banks
- bills of lading
- carrier obligation to issue 27
- charterparties, relation between 74–78
- contents 36–42
- contract of carriage 71–72, 73
- controversy 63–64
- copies 36
- delivery to master 155–156
- demand of shipper, issued on 27–28
- diminishing importance of 242–243
- evidence, as 43, 72–73
- evidentiary effect in comparative law 44–45
- evidentiary effect under international conventions see also international convention
- liner 73–74
- negotiable document, as 113–117
- number of originals 35–36
- onboard bill, issuance of 33–34
- process of issuance 29–31
- received for shipment 31–33
- signature under time charter 92–93, 104–106
- switch 34–5
- time of issuance 28–29
- transfer 117–120
- blockchain B/L 232–233
- BOLERO project 226–229
- booking note 29
- bulk cargo
- burden of proof
- carriage by sea
- carrier 39–40
- actual 94, 102, 103, 110, 153, 201–202
- common 8–9, 23–24
- contracting 94–95, 99, 139, 207–208
- definition 94–95
- goods in containers 61–63
- identity in comparative law 95–104
- identity of carrier clause 94–95, 96, 98–99, 101n40, 103, 109–110
- obligation to issue bill of lading 27
- public carrier 23n4
- right to insert reservations 48–53
- shipowner, relation with 76–77
- test to identify 104–110
- time charter 93–94
- transferee of bill of lading, relation with 77–78
- carrier clause
- carrier’s liability 143–145
- charterer
- charterparties
- arbitration clauses 81–87, 89
- as per charterparty 79–80
- bills of lading, distinguished from 22–23
- bills of lading, relation between 74–78
- identification of 88–91
- incorporation 78–88
- jurisdiction clauses 81–87, 89
- subcharter 91
- terms and conditions 74–75, 76–77, 78–80, 82–83, 88, 170
- time charter 22–23, 73, 76, 89, 92–93, 105–106, 173–174
- CISG
-
civil law 20, 21, 44, 113, 130Page 251
- claused bill 175
- clean bill 58
- CMI uniform rules 224–226, 190
- common law 20–21, 44, 112, 128
- condition of goods, containers
- conflict of interest 163
- consignee
- contract of carriage
- deck cargo 16
- delivery
- without bill 141–142
- against bills of lading 145, 147–150
- breach of duty 17–18
- conflicting claims after delivery 149–150
- conflicting claims before delivery 148–149
- consignee 40
- destination bill 155–156
- general principles 137–140
- goods, of 134–135
- lawful holder of bill 116–117, 119–120, 129–130, 141–142
- letter of indemnity, against 153–155
- liability for wrongful delivery 143–144, 157–158
- port different to port of destination 145–147
- presentation rule 213n47, 243
- procedure 136–137
- rules on 142–143
- sea way bills, in the case of 191
- surrender 115–117, 140, 156
- under charterer’s orders 151–153
- delivery order
- delivery without bill 141–142
- destination bill 156
- developments in the 19th century 8–12
- discharge of goods 135–136
- discharge of liability 135–136
- dock receipt 30
- document of title 26
- civil law 113
- common law 112–113
- contractual rights 128–130
- multimodal transport documents 207–214
- negotiable documents 108, 113–117, 131–132, 166
- non-negotiable documents 169, 190, 203, 243
- possession 124–127
- property 127–128
- right of control 131–132
- stoppage in transit 132–133
- straight bill of lading 120–124
- documentary credit see letter of credit
- electronic transport documents
- adoption 218
- blockchain B/L 232–233
- BOLERO see BOLERO project
- CMI rules see CMI uniform rules
- development 223–233
- documents of title, as 220–221
- ESS Databridge 229–232
- exclusive control, and 221–223
- functional equivalent of bills of lading 219–220
- international trade, role of 240–241
- legal regulation 223
- national legislation 239–240
- replacement of paper documents 243–244
- risks 218–219
- Rotterdam Rules 233–234
- UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records 234–238
- electronic bill of lading 218, 219–220, 239n76
- electronic commerce 217–218
- ESS Databridge 229–232
- functions 25–26, 217
- fraud
- fraud of exception rule 185–187
- freight
- freight forwarder 142, 200–201, 208–209
- goods
- Hague–Visby Rules 13–16
- Article 1(a) 94
- Article 3(3) 27, 46–48, 49–51
- Article 3(4) 45
- Article 3(5) 45, 67
- Article 3(7) 32
- Article 3(8) 57, 84, 109
- Article 4(2) 14, 18–19, 64
- bill of lading 35, 45–48, 121–122
- carrier definition 95
- civil law 20
- goods quantity 49–50, 176
- inserting remarks 51
- international convention comparison 19–20, 21
- letters of indemnity 66–68
- liability 135
- multimodal transport documents 203, 205
- reasonable means of checking 53
- received for shipment bill 32–33
- shipper, relating to 40
- time charter 102, 105
- validity of pre– printed clauses 59–61
- Hamburg Rules 16–17
- bill of lading 27–28, 35
- carrier definition 94–95
- electronic transport documents 223
- evidentiary effect of bills 45–48
- goods quantity 50
- inserting remarks 51
-
international conventions compared 19–20Page 252
- liability 111, 135
- letter of indemnity 67
- multimodal transport documents 203
- received for shipment bill 32
- time charter 103, 107, 110
- validity of pre-printed clauses 61
- Harter Act 1893 11–12
- history
- identity of carrier
- incorporation
- INCOTERMS 2010 166–169
- approximate quantity 180
- bill of lading 172
- continuous documentary cover 167
- contract goods covered 167–168
- electronic transport documents 240
- enabling receipt of goods 168
- enabling sale of goods in transit 168–169
- full bills of lading 169
- multimodal transport documents 203, 210–211, 212, 214
- onboard 171
- sea waybills 194
- shipment period, within 168
- international conventions
- international sale 166
- international trade
- approximate quantity 180–181
- bills of lading 161–163
- CISG 163–166
- conflict of interest 163
- electronic transport documents, role of 240–241
- fraud exception rule 185–187
- INCOTERMS 2010 166–169
- letters of credit 169–170
- multimodal transport documents, role of 214–215
- negotiable documents 166
- protection under existing rules 187–188
- risk of fraud 182–184
- said to contain clauses 181–182
- sea waybills, role of 193–194
- UCP600 see UCP600
- leading marks 29, 45–46, 51
- legal regulation development
- letter of credit 169–170, 175
- sea waybill 194
- letter of indemnity
- letter of protest 69–70
- lex mercatoria 3–8
- liability
- liner carriage 23–24
- master
- mate’s receipt 30–31
- Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records 234–239
- multimodal transport document 201–202
- multimodal transport operator 200–201
- order bills
- original bills 36
- paper documents
- port of destination 41
- port of loading
- possession
- pre-printed clauses
- presentation 47, 50, 122, 139, 169, 213, 243
- property
- quantity
- apportionment of bulk cargo 159–60
- approximate 180–1
- delivery order 196–8
- Hague–Visby Rules 45–7, 59–61
- Hamburg Rules 46–7
- legal effect of reservation 50–1
- mate’s receipt 30–1
- notations regarding condition 56–8
- receipt 46–7
- reservations 49–51
- Rotterdam Rules 17–18
- suspicion of inaccuracy 51–2, 53
- third–party holder 44
- UCP600 175–80, 184
- receipt
- bill of lading 43–44
- condition 47–48
- controversy 63–64
- definition 26
- dock receipt 30
- evidence, as 43
- evidentiary effect 44–48
- goods carried 61–63
- identification marks 46, 49–51
- letter of indemnity 65–70
- liability 50
- mate’s receipt 30–31
- notations 53–59, 64–65
- pre-printed clauses 59–61
- quantity 46–47
- reservations 48–53
- sea waybill 190 see also received for shipment bill
- received for shipment bill 31–33
- reservations
- right of control 131–132
- Roman law 2–3
- Rotterdam Rules 17–19
- attempt to resolve 156–159
- carrier 95
- delivery of goods 140–141
- electronic transport documents 233–234
- international conventions compared 19–20
- liability 135
- multimodal transport documents 203–204, 209–210
- negotiable documents 166
- non-negotiable documents 190
- number of bills 35
- receipt 46–47
- received for shipment bills 32
- reservations 51
- resolutions 156–159
- right of control 131
- said to contain 59, 181–182
- sea waybills
- seaworthiness
- ship’s delivery order 196–197
- shipowner
- shipper
- shipper’s delivery order 196
- shipping note 29
- shipping order 29–30
- signature
- bill of lading 42
- stoppage in transit 131–133
- straight bill
- subcharters 91
- surrender of bill 140, 156
- switch bill 34–35
- time charter
- tramp carriage 23–24, 53
- transfer of bill
- transferable documents 234–235, 236
- transferee
- transport documents 24–25
- UCP 600
- approximate quantity 180
- banks 162
- bills issued under charterparty 173–174
- bill of lading 107
- clean bill 175–180
- date of shipment 171–172
- document requirements 170–175
- electronic transport documents 240–241
- fraud 182–183, 186
- freight 174–175
- full set 172
- identity of
carrier 170–171Page 254
- multimodal transport documents 209, 211–212, 214
- not subject to charterparty 173–174
- on board bill 171
- on deck 174
- port of loading 172
- protection 187
- rationalization 188
- revision 184–185
- said to contain clauses 181, 182
- sea waybill 194
- terms of carriage 172–173
- transhipment 173
- UNCITRAL 234–238
- unification 12–13