Contracts for Construction and Engineering Projects
Page 541
Index
Index
- Abrahamson Principles 47–49
- adjudication 331–333
- Adjudicator 331, 332
- ADR clause 335
- alliance contract 65, 71, 121, 146, 322
- alternative dispute resolution (ADR) 331;
- appropriate contract terms 140–141
- art and science of engineering 78–79
- Asia Pacific jurisdictions 157
- Australia: expert evidence (see expert evidence in Australia)
- Australian Parliament House (APH) 186;
- Australian Standard (AS) 123–124;
- avoidance and resolution of disputes 8–10
- avoidance of disputes 317–330
- Barnes triangle 33
- bespoke contracts 147–148
- Brunel, I K 18, 21
- Burnaby Supermarket Parking Deck 268
- Canterbury earthquakes 239–245;
- assessment of existing buildings to modern standards 250;
- design risk 249–250;
- design standards and risk 242–243;
- details of Royal Commission Report 246–247;
- duty to warn 244–245;
- earthquake loads on buildings 247–248;
- earthquakes 247;
- expert evidence in Royal Commission 240–241;
- legal and statutory requirements 241–242;
- Royal Commission Report 240, 246–247;
- safety assessments of buildings after earthquakes 249
- CAR insurance 306–307, 308, 310
- CDB 336
- CISG 512
- civil engineer 7, 15–17
- Civil Law Codes 156
- clean expert 406
- Code of Hammurabi 32, 486
- Codes of Practice 122–123;
- Combined Dispute Board 336
- common law of construction contracts 525;
- Concept Design Drawings 227
- construction contract 519–521;
- meaning 2
- construction failures 251–270;
- construction industry 518–519
- Construction Manager 51, 52
- construction sites: constraints on working on 154;
- shut down of 154
- contract 41
- Contract 2
- contract administrator 384
- contract forms: risks, and 54
- contract management 326–327
-
contract negotiations 326Page 542
- contract scope: expectation and performance 33
- contract terms 318–322;
- contract type: choice of 51–54
- Contractor 2
- contract-related laws 482
- contracts: meaning 2;
- contracts for design services 71–77;
- contractual adjudication 332
- contractual expectations 42
- contractual success and failure 44
- cost 32
- cost quality trade-off triangle 33
- Country Roads Board 217
- COVID-19 151–164;
- additional OHS precautions 154;
- constraints on working on construction sites 154;
- construction, impact of 153;
- construction disputes after 377–388;
- dispute resolution 163–164;
- economic measures 161–162;
- enhanced documentation of employees 154;
- execution of construction projects 153–156;
- under FIDIC contracts 162–163;
- general legislation 156–159;
- government responses to 151–153;
- increased hours of working 154;
- isolation of infected personnel 155;
- labour laws 155;
- labour payments 155–156;
- operation of construction contracts 156;
- physical distancing 154;
- quarantine 155;
- requirements 154;
- restrictions on travel 154;
- shut down of construction sites 154;
- specific legislation relevant 159–161;
- stringent cleaning protocols 154
- CRB 217
- CTR 415–416
- DCM 341
- DCM Contract 227
- DCOM 341
- de la Concerde Overpass 268–270
- decennial liability 311, 312, 313
- design 38,
- design and construct contracts 105–121;
- design contract: meaning 3
- design for tender 112–117;
- design interface with construction 65
- design life 89–90;
- design of constructed facilities 77–78
- design parameters 78
- design quality 62–63
- design risk 56–70;
- cost 62;
- design interface with construction 65;
- designer's contract 65;
- FIDIC identified risks 63–64;
- insolvency 63;
- insolvency risk 68;
- interface risk 63;
- interface risks 67–68;
- IP risks 63, 67;
- managing 56–70;
- managing by designer 68–70;
- managing by employer 65–68;
- managing cost 67;
- quality risks 66;
- scope 61;
- scope risk 65–66;
- time 61;
- time risks 66;
- who should bear 64
- design subcontracts 111–112
- design working life 72
- Det Norske Veritas 90
- determination 392
- devil's triangle 33
- DIER 224
- the Direction 224
- dirty expert 406
- Dispute Adjudication Board (DAB) 324
- Dispute Avoidance/Adjudication Board (DAAB) 324
- Dispute Board (DB) 334–335, 339–340, 339–350;
- 2008 DAB 358;
- 2009 arbitration 358;
- 2010 Singapore High Court 358–359;
- 2011 arbitration 359;
- 2011 Singapore Court of Appeal 359;
- appointment 341;
- Australia 348–349;
- benefits 349;
- commercial value under FIDIC contracts 352–355;
- contractual requirements 340–346;
- cost 346–348, 363–36;
- 4 decision provisionally binding 357–363;
- decisions pre–requisite to referring dispute to arbitration 355–357;
- determination 340;
- dispute avoidance 343–344;
- dispute resolution 344–345;
- failure to agree 357;
- failure to comply with decision 362;
- FIDIC contracts 352–345;
- meaning 334;
- meetings 340;
- obtaining decision 341;
- PGN and CRW 358;
- procedural rules and operation 342–343;
- provisionally binding decision, enforcing 362–363;
- reasons for high success rate 349–350;
- standard contract clauses 342;
- standard form contracts with DB clause
341–342;Page 543
- standard procedural rules 345;
- tripartite agreements 346
- Dispute Board clause 341
- dispute resolution (DR) 323–325;
- arbitration 399–400;
- avoidance 389;
- best method 389–390;
- categories 391–392;
- communication 397–398;
- contractual provisions 323–325;
- cost–effective 337;
- COVID-19 159–164;
- determination 343, 392;
- Dispute Board 334;
- evaluation 392;
- facilitation 391;
- final and binding determination 399–401;
- hierarchy of categories 392–394;
- litigation 400–401;
- methods 391;
- methods appropriate to construction disputes 396–397;
- proportionality between time, cost and quality 394–396;
- team 329;
- when methods should be selected 398–399
- Dispute Resolution Board 334
- dispute resolution laws 482
- Dispute Review Board 334
- disputes 329, 522–523;
- DNV 90
- domestic building insurance 307
- DPEMP 225
- DRB 340
- DRBA 348
- DRBF 339
- ductility 70
- due skill and care 95–104
- duty of care in design 122–136, 128–130;
- ECC 18, 20, 28, 29, 147, 324, 332
- ECI 340
- economic measures 159–160
- EFCA 59
- Employer 2
- Engineer 3;
- Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC) 18
- Environmental Documents 229
- EOT 47
- EPC contract 51
- EPCM contract 51
- European Federation of Engineering Consultancy Associations 59
- evaluation 392
- expectations 36, 41–43
- expected service life 88
- expert determination 333–334
- expert evidence in Australia 455–466;
- consequences of noncompliance 464;
- general issues in relation to rules 458–460;
- jurisdictions 455;
- legislation 465;
- overriding obligations of expert witness 460;
- procedural requirements for expert reports 460–461;
- procedural rules for expert conferences 462;
- procedural rules for giving evidence in court 462;
- procedures for court-appointed expert or jointly appointed single expert 463;
- recommendations on contents of expert report 464–466;
- required content of expert report 461;
- shadow experts 463;
- specific provisions 458–464;
- table of rules 464
- expert reports 419–423;
- expert witnesses 10–11
- experts 418–428;
- admissibility of evidence 446;
- composition and conduct of conclaves 442–443;
- conclaves 438–454;
- conferences 423–424, 438–454;
- court rules 433–435;
- dealing with adverse opinions 432–433;
- engagement to carry out further testing 445–446;
- ethical considerations 430–432;
- evidence in fast track arbitration 428;
- evidence in “hot tub” 427–428;
- evidence of state of knowledge of relevant industry 444–445;
- exclusion of cross–examination under s42 Evidence Act 451;
- further evidence late in trial 452–454;
- further supplementary reports to address lay evidence at trial 450–451;
- getting most out of 429–454;
- guidelines for 418–428;
- hearing protocols 425–426;
- how lawyers can work effectively with 435–438;
- limits to application of Order 44 to opinion evidence 440–442;
- nature of evidence in hearing 426–427;
- obligations and duties in relation to hearing 423–428;
- preparations prior to hearing 424–425;
- scope of assessors’ role 447–448;
- steps in production and exchange of evidence 439–440;
- striking out of evidence 451–452;
- supplementary report after conclaves 445;
- tender of documents provided to 446–447;
- use of assessor v special referee 443–444;
- use of model to assist court 448–449;
- when to brief 429–430
- experts’ conference 423–424
-
facilitation 391Page 544
- failure 38–39
- fast track construction 31
- Fédération Internationale des Ingénieurs-Conseils (FIDIC) 487–488
- FIDIC 4
- FIDIC contracts 365–366, 487–488;
- FIDIC identified risks 63–64
- final design 117–119;
- final design cost risk 105–121;
- fitness for purpose 75–76, 95–104;
- force majeure 50, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 378, 482, 493, 495
- forensic engineers 10–11, 405–417;
- brief 413–414;
- briefing 413;
- CTRs 415–416;
- defining scope 406–407;
- engagement 405–406;
- engineers, and 412–414;
- finding 410–411;
- forensic engineering, meaning 405–406;
- managing brief 414–416;
- matching scope with required expertise 409–410;
- quality management 408–409;
- selecting 406–411;
- technical briefing 413;
- time, cost or quality of services 411;
- who should formally engage 411–413
- France Civil Code 158
- front end loading 168
- freedom of contract 103, 317, 383, 396, 397, 400, 477, 478, 479, 480, 488, 493, 499, 502, 504, 511
- frustration 50, 156
- golden triangle 33
- good faith 22, 26, 156, 228, 237, 323, 346, 357, 487, 496, 498, 506, 511, 512, 514, 515, 520, 521
- Green Book 528, 534
- Hagley DPEMP 225
- Hartford Civic Centre Connecticut 266
- hot tub 427–428
- Heathrow Terminal 5 310
- Hyatt Regency Hotel Walkways 266–267
- ICC 336
- ICE Conditions of Contract: amendments 297–298
- IChemE 54
- ICSID 509
- imprévision 159
- infernal project triangle 33
- insolvency 63
- Institution of Chemical Engineers 54
- Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) 7, 15
- intellectual property (IP) 57–58
- international commercial arbitration 488–491
- international construction contracts 11–12
- international contract law 479–480
- Invitation to Tender (ITT) 226
- IP 60
- IP risk 63
- iron triangle 33
- ISO 122
- labour laws 155
- labour payments 155–156
- L'Ambience Plaza 267
- lex constructionis 483–486;
- lex mercatoria 491–495
- limit state design 81–84
- liquidated damages 53, 73, 74, 76, 161, 225, 274, 299, 321, 478, 482
- magic triangle 33
- management of project execution 327–328
- managing time, cost and quality 186–201
- MDBs 31
- MDGs 518
- MEAT 59
- megaprojects 166–173;
- Mersey Valley Council (MVC) 226
- Milford Haven bridge 292–295;
-
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 519Page 545
- moral rights 67, 215
- most economically advantageous tender 59
- MT Højgaard a/s v E.ON Climate and Renewables UK Robin Rigg East Ltd 79, 90;
- Multilateral Development Banks 31
- natural justice 392, 396, 399, 448
- NEC 15
- NEC contracts 18, 54, 146–147, 148, 324, 390
- Neutral 393
- New York Convention 355, 377, 381, 383, 488, 490, 498, 521, 523
- pacta sunt servanda 103, 159, 480, 493, 496, 498, 520
- parties 2
- personal IP 60
- Philippines, specific legislation 159
- Philippines Civil Code 158
- PI insurance 68, 304–305
- Pink Book 351
- preparation of tender 318
- procedural rules 345
- procurement of design 71–72
- project and contract 5–8
- project costs 36–37
- project deed 224, 227–228
- project manager 18–20
- project scoping 168–169
- project-related laws 481–482
- public policy 103, 382, 383, 479, 480, 504, 505, 511
- public policy, constraints on freedom of contract 483
- QA 30
- QC 30
- QMS 408
- quality 30–31
- quality assurance (QA) 30
- quality control (QC) 30
- quality management system (QMS) 408–409
- quarantine 155
- Quebec Bridge 271–273;
- R101 airship 259–265;
- rainbow suite 334
- rebus sic stantibus 159, 496
- Red Book 341
- redundancy 86
- reliability 81–82
- required service life 88
- Response Tracker 151
- risk 41–55;
- risk events 45, 50–51
- risk management 38 robustness 69–71
- robustness 85–87
- Ronan Point apartments 261–265;
- rule of law 16, 331, 479, 483, 519, 521
- Scope for Improvement Reports 167
- Scope of Works and Technical Criteria (SOW&TC) 227
- Scottish Parliament House (SPH) 186–201;
- APH delivery, and 186;
- architect's performance 197–198;
- budget 198;
- building brief 199;
- communications 199;
- construction management 198;
- contributing factors to project performance 191–193;
- cost 195;
- cost estimates 198;
- cost plan 198;
- employer preferences 199–201;
- essential features 193;
- fast tracking of project 187, 188;
- risk cost 196;
- timetable 199
- service life 87–89;
- serviceability limit state (SLS) 82
- SfIR 167
- Silver Book 127
- Singapore Convention 377, 381–382, 385
- Singapore, specific legislation 159–161
- SLS 82
- Standard DNV-OS-J101 (J101) 96
-
standard form contracts 139–150;Page 546
- Standards 79–81, 121–135;
-
State of Tasmania v Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd
224–238,
- 15% design and its review 231,
- 85% design and its review 231–232;
- background 224–225;
- compliance of in-fill design 232–233;
- consequences of noncompliance 235–236;
- delay 236–237;
- early history of bypass project 225–226;
- final design submissions 232;
- independence of principal's representative 237;
- landowner's complaint about road level 232–233;
- project deed 227–228;
- road design as directed 234;
- scope of works 230;
- summary 237–238;
- technical requirements 230;
- tender process 226–227;
- value management workshop 230–231
- state of the art 77
- statutory adjudication 332
- statutory incursions into freedom of contract 480–482
- Stringency Index 151
- structural reliability index 81
- structural robustness 86
- successful construction projects 521–522
- successful contract 44
- successful project execution 35
- sujétions imprévues 158
- Sydney Harbour Bridge 202–221;
- Sydney Opera House 173–175;
- Technical Requirements 90
- tender: contractor's considerations in preparing 34
- tender design 105
- tender design subcontract: summary for 116
- time 31–32
- time, cost and quality 30–33;
- titanium triangle 33
- TransLex Principles 494–495;
- hardship and force majeure 495
- triangle of trauma 33
- tripartite agreement 346
- turnkey contract 51
- UAE Civil Code 157
- ultimate limit state (ULS) 82, 248
- UNCITRAL: UNIDROIT Principles, and 158–159, 493
- unforeseen final cost 107
- UNIDROIT Principles (UP) 491–493;
- application to international construction contracts 504–505;
- arbitration cases referring to 508;
- articles incompatible with common law 507–508;
- case law referring to 505–506;
- contents 502–504;
- corroboration for conclusion by reference to national law 511–512;
- evidence of international trade usages, as 510–511;
- good faith 506;
- hardship and force majeure 493–494;
- law governing substance of dispute 509–510;
- parties to arbitration agreed to use general principles of international law 512;
- principles 493;
- supplementary to national law 512–513;
- support for common law 506–507;
- UNCITRAL, and 493
- United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) 512
- unsuccessful project execution 35
- Yellow Book 127