International Investment Dispute Awards
Page 145
Index
Index
- absolute immunity 21, 56, 97, 140
- Achilles heel 84
- ad hoc committee 15, 17–19, 25, 42,54
- ad hoc tribunal 13, 15, 19
- administrative council 5, 6,17, 18, 54, 86, 110,132
- agenda 64, 78, 124
- annulment procedure 52, 53, 69
- annulment proceeding 14, 15, 17, 19, 51,54, 129
- appeal body 67, 71, 79, 112–114,131, 132, 144
- appeal mechanism 1, 6,14, 63, 69, 112–115
- appeal tribunal 56, 68, 69, 71, 73,75–77, 112, 113
- arbitration agreement 11, 37, 41, 97, 128
- attachment order 52
- award debtor 24, 25
- award payments 107
- bankruptcy 88, 140
- bilateral agreements 97
- bilateral investment 2, 9,40, 58, 63, 94, 141
- binding award 1, 87
- binding force 12–14, 16, 24, 25,92
- BIT(s) 2, 5,9, 21, 30, 40, 50,51, 58, 63, 64, 77,84, 94, 96, 97, 113,114, 119, 121, 123, 124,127, 130–133, 141, 143
- commercial activities 20, 26, 28, 33, 88,108
- commercial assets 11, 20, 21, 28, 30,32, 33, 88
- commercial purpose 26–28, 31, 55, 88,98, 99
- Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) 64–69, 75, 114
- conditional stays 18
- consensual agreement 27, 94, 98, 132, 143
- costs orders 129, 130
- counterclaim 84, 131
- countermeasure 5, 6,86, 109, 111, 112, 115–123, 125–127,132, 133, 142–144
- customary international law 20, 69, 92, 116, 121,127
- debtor state 4, 55, 95, 100, 101,103, 140, 141
- depoliticisation 40, 78, 86, 121–123,132, 141–144
- diplomatic assets 21, 95
- diplomatic pressure 50, 107, 124
- diplomatic property 11, 20, 32, 99
- diplomatic protection 25, 103, 116–118, 120,121, 123–127, 132, 133,142–144
- discretionary 19, 43, 90, 125
- disputing parties 2, 9,14, 15, 23, 40, 52,57–59, 66, 67, 70,109, 110, 113, 130
- domestic public policy 45, 47
- Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (DARIO) 5, 6,109–111, 132, 142–144
- empirical research 30, 57
- enforcement issue 3–6,16, 58, 64, 75, 91,92, 112, 139, 144
- enforcement obstacle 3, 4,6, 10, 11, 15, 22,23, 32, 39, 54, 58,59, 63–65, 72
- enforcing state 2–4,11, 16, 24, 40, 44,48, 49, 52, 54–56,66, 67, 70–72, 84,95, 108, 142
- European Commission 64
- European Federation for Investment Law and Arbitration (EFILA) 65, 69
- European Union 5, 51, 63, 64, 70
- financial security 19
- foreign direct investment (FDI) 1, 2,5, 64, 73, 76, 77,102, 104, 105, 115, 116,139, 143
- forum shopping 4, 33, 39, 43, 85,94, 97, 98, 100, 104,140
- FTA 66, 69, 75
- fund system 75–77
- gunboat diplomacy 124
- hybrid system 67
- ICS awards 66
- ICSID appellate body 97, 114
- ICSID tribunal 12, 14, 21, 59, 68,89, 127–130
- ILC articles on state responsibility 117–119
- ILC draft articles on diplomatic 118
- immunity from execution 2, 22, 23, 30, 32,40, 55, 56, 83–86,92–99, 101, 121, 131,139–141
- immunity from jurisdiction 1, 2,11, 32, 55, 73, 84,92, 94, 97, 101
- inconsistent awards 63
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) 102, 104–107
- International Court of Justice (ICJ) 65, 70–72, 103, 117,123–125, 129, 142, 143
- international customary law 96
- International Development Association (IDA) 66, 102, 104, 105
- international investment agreements (IIAs) 1, 2,29, 63, 64, 94
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) 76
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international organisation 5, 32, 71, 73, 76,98, 107, 109–111, 132,142, 144Page 145
- international public policy 44–46, 48, 54
- investment court 3, 5,6, 63–68, 71, 73–77, 79–81,112–114, 144
- Investment Court System (ICS) 64–66, 71, 77
- investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) 3, 4,49, 51, 52, 63–65,70–72, 74, 77–80,112–115, 126, 144
- Iran–US Claims Tribunal (IUSCT) 67, 71, 72, 75
- lack of arbitrability 53
- lack of legitimacy 49, 65, 74, 79
- local court 10, 23, 24, 43, 85
- local remedies 79, 121, 122
- losing investors 89, 91, 127, 143
- losing party 9–12, 18, 23, 33,67, 77, 89, 103, 105,110, 111, 140, 143
- losing state 2, 5,6, 16, 24, 31, 33,54, 59, 103, 111, 117,122, 141, 142
- MIC award 6, 64, 66, 67, 69,71, 72, 74, 76, 78,79
- MIC decision 6, 65–67, 71–73,75–77
- MIC enforcement 64, 65, 78
- MIC member 72, 74, 75, 77
- MIC proposal 6, 67
- MIC statue 72–76
- MIC treaty 72, 73
- MIC tribunal 71
- model law 37, 38, 41–46, 71,94
- multilateral investment court (MIC) 6, 63–80, 112, 114
- Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) 40, 76, 101, 102, 104,106
- multinational agreements 97
- multinational investment statute 112
- multinational treaties 117
- multiple jurisdictions 83, 91
- national public policy 45, 47, 48, 54
- non-arbitrability 44, 54
- non-compliant 2, 3,5, 86, 103–105, 108,110
- non-contracting states 66, 68
- Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) 70, 120
- political risk 76, 102, 104, 106, 109,131
- politicisation 4, 132, 133
- post-award remedies 17, 83, 109
- practical proposals 86, 92, 141
- practical remedies 83, 84
- practical solution 3, 4,131, 144
- precedent 14, 113, 130
- prima facie 128
- provisional measure 128–130
- public assets 11, 26, 56
- public interest 29, 48, 63
- public policy 2, 11, 13, 14, 16,22, 38–49, 53, 54,56, 59–61, 65, 69,71, 72, 74, 75, 84,87, 88, 129, 140
- public purposes 26, 56, 88, 99, 140,142
- recognition 2, 10, 13, 15, 16,22, 23, 27, 33, 37–45, 50, 51,53, 65, 66, 70, 74,83, 86–88, 90, 92,99, 127, 129, 131, 140
- reform 6, 23, 63, 67, 77,79, 86, 105, 110, 112,114, 129, 130, 144
- reservation 22, 30, 65, 71, 87,122
- res judicata 13, 23, 65
- security for costs 6, 58, 127–130, 133,144
- seizure 16, 20, 32, 50
- sovereign immunity 1, 2,4–6, 10, 11, 15,19–21, 23, 27–30,32–36, 40, 53–56,59–61, 77, 83–85,88, 92, 93, 95, 97–99, 103, 104,106, 108, 121, 131, 139–142
- sovereign laws 5, 131
- sovereign power 6, 11, 22, 53, 93,132
- sovereign state 1, 10, 53, 54, 100
- State Immunity Act (SIA) 28
- state sovereignty 2, 4,10, 11, 39, 49, 53,56, 59, 65, 79, 84,86–88, 92–94, 96,108, 112, 131, 139–141,144
- stay of enforcement 17–19, 25, 51, 54
- Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) 64, 66–70, 75, 114
- treaties with investment provisions (TIPs) 2
- Turkish International Private and Procedural Code (TIPPIC) 87, 88
- two-tier 64, 68
- United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property (UNCSI) 21, 32, 85, 92, 96–98, 100, 101,141
- Uzan Group 30, 89–91, 128
- Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) 5, 6,17, 25, 68, 69, 72,75, 113, 126, 127, 133,143, 144
- waiver clause 95
- waiver from execution 143
- waiver immunity from execution 95, 97, 141
- waiver of immunity 10, 11, 22, 30, 55,84, 94, 95, 97, 99,100, 141
- winning investor 2, 16
- winning party 6, 9,10, 12, 19, 22, 29,37, 39, 40, 42, 74,75, 89
- winning state 86, 92, 129
- working group 63–65, 70, 72, 77,79–81, 114
- World Bank 2, 10–12, 15, 17,36, 52, 54, 95, 101–106, 108, 112,123, 128
- World Trade Organization (WTO) 65, 69, 73, 76, 77,86, 112, 113, 116, 117,125, 131
- WTO's DSB 113