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Unmanned Ships and the Law


Page 157

Index

  • accuracy 121
  • ACTUV see Anti-Submarine Warfare Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel (ACTUV) program
  • Advanced Autonomous Waterborne Applications (AAWA) 37
  • AGI see Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)
  • AI see artificial intelligence (AI)
  • American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) 38
  • Anti-Submarine Warfare Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel (ACTUV) program 39
  • Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) 55
  • artificial intelligence (AI) 44, 52
  • algorithms 5557
  • concept and definition 5354
  • deep learning and machine learning 55
  • types 5455
  • Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) 55
  • Athens Convention 6, 7
  • automated ship 5253, 65
  • automatic systems 43, 48
  • automation 26, 43, 72
  • categorisation for 5153
  • levels/degrees 147149
  • automationworthiness 73, 76
  • Autonomy Assisted Bridge (AAB) 44
  • autonomy/autonomous 4344
  • level of 4445
  • scope of 45
  • Black, C. 10
  • Brazil 21
  • Britannica 54
  • capacity to carry 1115
  • capacity to navigate 6, 9, 1516
  • cargoworthiness 72, 7677
  • carriage 6
  • carriage of goods 1113
  • carriage of passengers 1315
  • carrier 119
  • liability regime 124125
  • limitation of liability 129130
  • carrier shipowner 6970
  • carriers’ liability 129130
  • “channelling of liability” 33
  • Chen, X. 10
  • chief controller 86, 98
  • China 21, 35
  • Chorley, R. S. 10
  • collision avoidance sensors 53
  • Committee Maritime International (CMI) 2831
  • communicationworthiness 73, 74, 88, 88n5
  • connectivity manager 59
  • connectivity system 57
  • availability 5960
  • capacity 60
  • latency 6061
  • redundancy 60
  • security 61
  • “Constrained Autonomous” 48
  • contract 96
  • control centre (CC): applicable algorithms 88
  • board a ship 106107
  • command post 87
  • communicationworthiness 88
  • construction 115
  • contracting party causes damage to third parties 128
  • contracting party suffers damage 127128
  • controlling 87, 89
  • data collection 91
  • entrepreneur 128
  • governmental agency 105
  • independent contractor 104105, 118, 128
  • on land 99100
  • legal/administrative duties 9193
  • legal nature 9597
  • legal status 9495, 105
  • liability regime 125128
  • local rules 106
  • monitoring 87, 89
  • navigating 9091
  • operator 104
  • organisation 9799
  • overview 8486
  • principal values/interests 150152
  • public entity 118119
  • recipient shipowner 118
  • safety measures 102103
  • on sea 101102
  • seaworthiness 8283, 149150
  • shipowner 103104, 117118
  • shipowner causes damage to third parties 127
  • shipowner suffers damage 127
  • situated on land 106
  • supervision 87
  • terminology 8687
  • controllers 86
  • conventional-looking unit 42
  • “core personnel” 27
  • Croatia 21
  • cybernetics 23
  • data integrity 61
  • “Decision Support” 48
  • deep learning 55
  • distress 62
  • docking/undocking 26
  • Doctrine of Stages 78
  • Dothan, S. 137n3
  • Earth Station 59
  • economy 2627
  • “e-doc” format 34
  • existence 121
  • exoneration from liability 116, 135
  • The Falco 3738
  • fault liability 109
  • Finferries 3738
  • Finland 35
  • floatability 1
  • fully autonomous ship 30, 48, 49, 6768
  • Giles, O. C. 10
  • Gilmore, G. 10
  • “Global Maritime Distress and Safety System” (GMDSS) 58
  • “GMDSS Satellite Communication Service Providers” (SSP) 58
  • high-tech communication systems 5758
  • connections 6263
  • connectivity system 5961
  • objectives/purposes 62
  • organisation 5859
  • standards 61
  • “holistic” approach 35
  • Hosseinnejad, K. 137n4
  • Höyhtyä, M. 59
  • hyper-intelligent software 56
  • In-House CC 117
  • insurance 113, 143
  • direct action against the insurer 153154
  • duty of fair presentation of the risk 154155
  • parties 152
  • perils of the sea 144145
  • principal values/interests 146152
  • insurance certificate 3435
  • international carriage of goods: by air 129, 133
  • by rail 129, 133
  • by road 129, 133
  • by sea 130, 134
  • International Maritime Organisation (IMO) 2831
  • International Working Group (IWG) 28
  • joint liability principle 120
  • Kennedy, W. R. 10
  • Kimbell, J. 10
  • land unit 4243
  • Law of Obligations 109
  • Legal Nature of Liability 113, 114116
  • level of autonomy 4445
  • by IMO 4951
  • by ISO 49
  • by Lloyd's Register 4647
  • by Maritime UK 4748
  • by Norwegian Forum 48
  • liability regime: applicability 113114
  • carrier 124125
  • contractual relation 117118
  • control centre 125128
  • exoneration from 116, 135
  • full and complete redress 109
  • institutional/organisational relation 117
  • legal nature and characteristics 112116
  • limitation of liability 128132
  • loss of right to limit 133135
  • in maritime law 110112
  • operator 123
  • owner 120122
  • principle 108109
  • statutory relation 118119
  • subject of liability 119128
  • limitation of liability 109, 113, 128132
  • carriers 129130
  • of shipowners 130132
  • unmanned ship operations 132
  • local authorities 19
  • machine learning 55
  • marine adventure 143
  • Maritime Anonymous Surface Ship (MASS) 2, 17, 29, 30, 31
  • Maritime Mobile Terminal 59
  • Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) 28, 29
  • Maritime Unmanned Navigation through Intelligence Networks (MUNIN) 3839
  • MAS400 see Mayflower
  • MASS see Maritime Anonymous Surface Ship (MASS)
  • “MASS Code” 35
  • master, role and responsibility of 3132
  • Mayflower 3637
  • Meeson, N. 10, 10
  • mixed contract 97
  • mobile satellite communication system 5859
  • Natural Language Processing (NLP) 54
  • Norway 35
  • NOVel Iwt and MARitime transport concepts (NOVIMAR) project 4041
  • “operate in the marine environment” 8
  • operator 119
  • perils of the sea 144145
  • Questions of Liability 3334
  • Regulatory Scoping Exercise (RSE) 29, 30, 31
  • remote control system: monitoring 63
  • organisation 6364
  • power and authority 6468
  • remotely controlled ship 30, 52, 6667
  • remote operator, role and responsibility of 3233
  • remote pilotaging systems 25
  • robotics 25
  • Rolls Royce 3738
  • Rose, F. D. 10, 10
  • Safer Vessel with Autonomous Navigation (SVAN) 37
  • safety: on board 25
  • on land 25
  • protection of environment 26
  • risks 2526
  • underlying idea 2325
  • safety message 62
  • SART see Search and Rescue Transponder (SART)
  • scope of autonomy 45
  • “sea-going vessel” 8
  • Sea Hunter 3940
  • Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) 58
  • seaworthiness: carrier shipowner 6970
  • concept and definition 7073
  • control centre 149150
  • with regard to bunkering 78
  • with regard to documentation 78
  • with regard to holds 7677
  • with regard to loading and discharging 77
  • with regard to stowage 7778
  • with regard to the crew 7476
  • with regard to the vessel 7374
  • with respect to control centre 8283
  • rules 6869
  • security 61
  • self-steering ship 20, 125
  • “semi-autonomous ship with seafarers on board” 49
  • service contract 96
  • service provider 96
  • service units 86
  • shipowners’ liability 130132
  • ship seaworthy 79
  • continuous nature of obligation 7981
  • to exercise due diligence 8182
  • relative nature of obligation 81
  • “Shore Control Centre” 42
  • Space Segment 59
  • SSP see “GMDSS Satellite Communication Service Providers (SSP)”
  • strict liability 109, 113, 114116
  • strong AI 55
  • superior authority 87, 90, 98
  • supervisor 98
  • support group 87
  • SVAN see Safer Vessel with Autonomous Navigation (SVAN)
  • Svitzer Hermod 38
  • Terrestrial Networks 59
  • tortoise syndrome 12
  • 2002 London Protocol 7
  • United Kingdom 35
  • urgency message 62
  • Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) 35
  • vessel train concept 40
  • vicarious liability 108
  • Visby Rules 5, 75, 134
  • visibility 121
  • voyageworthiness 71, 72, 74
  • Wärtsilä Remote Pilotage Project 41
  • weak AI 55
  • Wikipedia 54
  • Yara Birkeland 3536, 77

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