A. Introduction

21.001 This chapter considers the European Union (“EU”) law relating to the International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea, 1996 (the “HNS Convention”). The HNS Convention has generated considerable commentary1 and, indeed, some controversy but the focus of this chapter is focused on the EU aspects of the convention.