A. Introduction

35.001 This chapter considers Council Directive 1999/63 of 21 June 1999 concerning the Agreement on the Organisation of Working Time of Seafarers concluded by the European Community Shipowners’ Association (“ECSA”) and the Federation of Transport Workers’ Unions in the European Union (“FST”).1 Council Directive 1999/63 was amended by Council Directive 2009/13 of 16 February 2009.2 Greaves has commented that two directives had been adopted, Directive 1999/633 and Directive 1999/95,4 in respect of seafarers’ hours on board ship: